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No. 11 (Scottish) Commando was a battalion-sized commando unit of the British Army during the Second World War. Formed in Scotland members of No. 11 (Scottish) Commando adopted the Tam o'shanter as their official headress.〔Moreman 2006, p. 45.〕 No. 11 (Scottish) Commando was sent to the Mediterranean as 'C' Battalion Layforce. It took part in operations in Syria and then garrison duties in Cyprus. Its final raid was Operation Flipper the attempt to capture the German commander Erwin Rommel. After the failure of this raid the Commando was disbanded. ==Background== The commandos were formed in 1940, by the order of Winston Churchill the British Prime Minister. He called for specially trained troops that would "develop a reign of terror down the enemy coast".〔Chappell, p.5〕 At first they were a small force of volunteers who carried out small raids against enemy occupied territory, 〔Chappell, p.3〕 but by 1943 their role had changed into lightly equipped assault Infantry which specialised in spearheading amphibious landings.〔Moreman, p.8〕 The man initially selected as the overall commander of the force was Admiral Sir Roger Keyes himself a veteran of the landings at Gallipoli and the Zeebrugge raid in the First World War.〔Chappell, p.6〕 Keyes resigned in October 1941 and was replaced by Admiral Louis Mountbatten.〔 By the autumn of 1940 more than 2,000 men had volunteered for Commando training, and what became known as the Special Service Brigade was formed into 12 units called Commandos.〔Haskew, p.48〕 Each Commando would number around 450 men commanded by a lieutenant colonel. They were sub divided into Troops of 75 men and further divided into 15 man sections.〔 Commandos were all volunteers seconded from other British Army regiments and retained their own cap badges and remained on their regimental roll for pay.〔Moreman, p.12〕 All volunteers went through the six week intensive commando course at Achnacarry. The course in the Scottish Highlands concentrated on fitness, speed marches, weapons training, map reading, climbing, small boat operations and demolitions both by day and by night.〔van der Bijl, p.12〕 By 1943 the Commandos had moved away from small raiding operations and had been formed in brigades of assault infantry to spearhead future Allied landing operations. Three units were left un-brigaded to carry out smaller scale raids.〔Moreman, pp.84–85〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「No. 11 (Scottish) Commando」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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